![]() ![]() Since evidence of such advanced machinery has never been found on Earth, Tipler argued that we are likely the only intelligence out there. The bulk of his paper dealt with how to get resources for interstellar travel, which he suggested could be achieved by having some kind of self-replicating artificial intelligence move from star system to star system, creating copies of itself as it traveled. Aliens have visited Earth in the past, but we have not observed them.įrank Tipler, a professor of physics at Tulane University, followed up on Hart's argument in 1980 with a paper titled " Extraterrestrial intelligent beings do not exist," also published in the RAS Quarterly Journal. ![]() Advanced civilizations beyond Earth arose too recently for aliens to reach us.Aliens never came here because of a physical difficulty "that makes space travel infeasible," which could be related to astronomy, biology or engineering.But he outlined four other potential explanations as well: He thought the apparent lack of such visits is most likely due to the lack of intelligent aliens. Hart argued that intelligent aliens could already have visited Earth at some point in our planet's history, unless they started their journey less than two million years ago. He noted, however, that more research in biochemistry, planetary formation and atmospheres was needed to better narrow down the answer. "It is suggested that this fact can best be explained by the hypothesis that there are no other advanced civilizations in our galaxy." "We observe that no intelligent beings from outer space are now present on Earth," Hart wrote in the paper's abstract. (Some say this is the first such paper to explore the Fermi Paradox, although this claim is a bit hard to prove.) Fermi died in 1954, so exploration and explication of the idea fell to other people, such as Michael Hart, who wrote an article titled "An explanation for the absence of extraterrestrials on Earth" in the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) Quarterly Journal in 1975. ![]()
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